How to Install Ubuntu 22.04 LTS: Complete Beginner’s Guide (With Screenshots)

By 佐川 直弘 | Naohiro Sagawa (運営者)

※記事内に広告を含みます。Amazonアソシエイトとして適格販売により収入を得ています。　

1. What is Ubuntu 22.04? Key Features Explained

What is Ubuntu?

Ubuntu is a free and open-source Linux distribution supported by a wide range of users—from beginners to advanced developers. Developed and maintained by Canonical, Ubuntu is known for its system stability and user-friendly interface.

It has helped dispel the notion that “Linux is difficult,” making it a popular alternative to Windows and macOS. Despite being free, it offers strong security and is often used for development, as well as for breathing new life into older computers.

Features of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

The full name of this version is “Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Long Term Support),” released in April 2022. As an LTS version, it comes with 5 years of official support including security updates and bug fixes.

Key Highlights:

• GNOME 42 Desktop
  Ubuntu 22.04 adopts GNOME 42, providing a modern and refined user interface. Features like dark mode and enhanced screenshot tools are also included.
• Wayland as Default Session
  Wayland is now the default display server, replacing X.org in most cases. This brings better security and smoother graphics (you can still switch to X.org if needed for older apps).
• Linux Kernel 5.15
  This version includes kernel 5.15, improving hardware compatibility and performance—especially in areas like file systems and power management.
• Enhanced Snap Package Support
  Snap is the standard format for distributing applications in Ubuntu. It offers simpler, safer updates. Notably, Firefox is now provided in Snap format.
• Better Japanese Language Support
  If you choose Japanese during installation, IME (input method), fonts, and other settings are automatically configured for a smooth experience.

Why Choose Ubuntu 22.04?

Ubuntu 22.04 is especially recommended for the following types of users:

• New to Linux
  It’s a stable platform with a large user base and plenty of online resources, making it easier to learn.
• For Work or Development
  The LTS version is highly reliable and ideal for use in business or professional environments.
• Reviving an Older PC
  Ubuntu runs fast even on aging hardware and can feel lighter than Windows in many cases.

In upcoming articles, we’ll guide you through how to install Ubuntu 22.04 step-by-step, in a beginner-friendly and easy-to-follow manner.

2. Preparing to Install Ubuntu 22.04 (With Illustrations)

Before installing Ubuntu 22.04 smoothly, there are a few things you should prepare. This section explains the system requirements, what you’ll need, and important precautions. Taking the time to prepare properly can help avoid common mistakes.

Minimum and Recommended System Requirements

While Ubuntu 22.04 is considered a lightweight OS, having a decent setup ensures a smoother experience. Below are the minimum system requirements as officially listed, along with the recommended specs based on our experience.

Note: Both laptops and desktops are supported. Older machines can still run Ubuntu, but for a smoother experience, we recommend using an SSD and at least 8GB of RAM.

What You’ll Need

Before you begin the installation, make sure you have the following items ready:

• Blank USB flash drive (at least 8GB)
  　You’ll use this to create a bootable installer for Ubuntu.
• Internet connection
  　Needed to download the ISO file and update the system after installation. Wired is more stable, but Wi-Fi works too.
• Another device (PC or smartphone)
  　Useful for looking up help articles if you run into issues during installation.
• Backup media (optional but recommended)
  　If you plan to dual-boot or keep existing data, back up everything beforehand.

Choosing Your Installation Method

There are several ways to install Ubuntu. Understanding the differences can help you choose what fits your needs best.

This guide will mainly focus on installing Ubuntu on actual hardware, either by erasing the disk or setting up dual-boot.

The Importance of Backing Up

If you plan to dual-boot or overwrite your current system, there’s a risk of losing important data. Be sure to back up files like:

• Family photos and videos
• Work documents and presentations
• Browser bookmarks and saved passwords

While Ubuntu installations are generally stable, it’s always better to be safe and back up first.

3. How to Download Ubuntu 22.04

To install Ubuntu 22.04, you first need to download the installation file, known as an “ISO file.” In this section, we’ll walk you through how to get it from the official website, introduce the Japanese Remix version, and share some important tips.

How to Download the ISO File from the Official Website

You can download the latest version of Ubuntu for free from the official website. Follow these steps:

Download Steps:

1. Go to the official Ubuntu releases page:
   ▶ https://releases.ubuntu.com/jammy/
2. Find “Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)” on the page and click the “Download” button.
3. The ISO file will start downloading automatically. The file is about 3.5GB, so the time may vary depending on your connection.

Tips While Downloading:

• Check the file name: It should look like “ubuntu-22.04.xxx-desktop-amd64.iso.” Make sure you don’t accidentally download an older version or the server edition.
• Optional: Verify file integrity by checking the SHA256 checksum to ensure the ISO wasn’t corrupted during download.

About the Japanese Remix Version

If you prefer using Ubuntu in Japanese out of the box, we recommend the “Ubuntu Japanese Remix.” This version is customized by volunteers to provide full Japanese language support from the beginning.

Features:

• Japanese user interface and Mozc input method enabled right after installation
• Japanese fonts and timezone settings are preconfigured, making setup easy

How to Download:

1. Visit the official site for the Japanese Remix:
   ▶ https://www.ubuntulinux.jp/download/ja-remix
2. Look for the link to “Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Japanese Remix” and download the corresponding ISO file.
3. Optionally, verify the downloaded file by comparing the checksum listed on the site.

Who Should Choose the Japanese Remix?

• Beginners unsure about configuring Japanese input and locale settings
• Users who want minimal setup after installation
• People who care about high-quality Japanese fonts and printing support

Which Version Should You Choose?

If you’re just getting started or prefer using Ubuntu in Japanese without hassle, the Japanese Remix is strongly recommended. If you want full control and flexibility, go with the official ISO.

4. How to Create a Bootable USB (For Windows/macOS)

Once you’ve downloaded the Ubuntu 22.04 ISO file, the next step is to create a bootable USB drive. This USB will be used to start your PC and launch the Ubuntu installer. Below are step-by-step instructions for both Windows and macOS users.

Creating a Bootable USB on Windows (Using Rufus)

For Windows users, the free tool “Rufus” is a popular and easy-to-use option. It allows you to create a bootable USB stick even if you’re a beginner.

What You’ll Need:

• A blank USB drive (8GB or more)
• The Ubuntu 22.04 ISO file
• The latest version of Rufus

Steps:

1. Visit the official Rufus website and download the latest version. It doesn’t require installation—just run the file.
2. Insert the USB drive into your PC and launch Rufus.
3. Select your USB drive under “Device.”
4. Under “Boot selection,” choose “Disk or ISO image,” then click “Select” and choose the Ubuntu ISO file.
5. For most modern PCs, set “Partition scheme” to “GPT” and “Target system” to “UEFI (non-CSM).”
6. Click “Start.” If you get a warning, confirm to begin writing to the USB.
7. Once done, Rufus will display “Ready.” You can safely close Rufus and remove the USB drive.

Creating a Bootable USB on macOS (Using balenaEtcher)

macOS users can use “balenaEtcher,” a simple, beginner-friendly tool with a graphical interface.

What You’ll Need:

• A blank USB drive (8GB or more)
• The Ubuntu 22.04 ISO file
• The balenaEtcher app (free)

Steps:

1. Download the macOS version of balenaEtcher from the official website and install it.
2. Insert the USB drive into your Mac and launch Etcher.
3. Click “Flash from file” and select the Ubuntu ISO file.
4. Click “Select target” and choose the USB drive.
5. Click “Flash!” to start the writing process.
6. Once the process is complete, a “Success!” message will appear. You can then safely remove the USB drive.

Important Notes When Writing the USB

• All data on the USB drive will be erased. Make sure to back up anything important beforehand.
• Always eject the USB safely. Don’t remove it during the writing process. Use your OS’s “eject” option to remove it safely after writing.
• Avoid using unstable or old USB drives. They may cause errors. Use a reliable or new USB stick if possible.

5. How to Install Ubuntu 22.04 (Step-by-Step with Images)

Once you’ve created the bootable USB, it’s time to install Ubuntu 22.04. This section walks you through each step of the installation process in a beginner-friendly way.

Check and Adjust BIOS/UEFI Settings

To boot from the USB drive, you may need to enter your PC’s BIOS/UEFI settings and enable USB boot.

Basic Steps:

1. Right after powering on your computer, repeatedly press DEL, F2, F12, or ESC (depends on manufacturer) to enter BIOS/UEFI.
2. Go to the “Boot” menu and set the USB drive as the top boot priority.
3. If “Secure Boot” is enabled, disable it for a smoother Ubuntu installation.
4. Save and exit the BIOS settings.

Boot from the USB Drive

After changing the BIOS settings and rebooting with the USB drive plugged in, you should see the Ubuntu boot menu.

Boot Menu Options:

• Try Ubuntu without installing
• Install Ubuntu

Select “Install Ubuntu” to start the installation process.

Follow the Installation Wizard

The installer is graphical and easy to use. You’ll go through the following steps:

1. Select Language

Choose “English” or your preferred language. This will be used during installation and in the system after setup.

2. Keyboard Layout

Select your keyboard layout (e.g., “English (US)” or “Japanese”) and test it to ensure correct input.

3. Updates and Other Software

You’ll be prompted to choose installation options:

• Normal installation (recommended)
• Minimal installation (fewer apps)
• ✔ Download updates while installing Ubuntu
• ✔ Install third-party software for graphics and Wi-Fi (recommended)

4. Installation Type

If you’re new to Ubuntu, “Install alongside another OS” or “Erase disk and install” are the easiest options.

5. Check or Modify Partitions (if needed)

• The installer will automatically suggest the best configuration.
• Advanced users can manually set up partitions for /, /home, and swap space.

6. Set Up Your User Account

• Your name
• Computer name
• Username
• Password (use 8+ characters for better security)

You can also choose whether to enable auto-login.

Finish Installation and Reboot

After completing the setup, the installation will begin. It usually takes about 10–20 minutes depending on your system.

Once it finishes, click “Restart Now.”

Final Tips:

• Remove the USB stick when prompted or after shutdown to avoid booting into the installer again.
• When your system restarts, the Ubuntu 22.04 login screen should appear—congrats, you’re done!

6. Initial Setup and Japanese Language Configuration

After installing Ubuntu 22.04, there are a few initial setup steps that will help you get started comfortably. This section walks you through system updates, enabling Japanese input, setting your timezone, adjusting fonts, and other useful tweaks.

Update the System

Fresh installations may not include the latest updates. It’s a good idea to make sure your system is up to date right after installing.

How to Update:

1. Click the “Applications” menu (bottom left) and search for “Software Updater.” Launch it.
2. If updates are available, click “Install Now.”
3. Enter your password when prompted, and restart the system once the updates finish.

Alternatively, you can update using the terminal with these commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

If you’re not familiar with the terminal, using the graphical Software Updater is completely fine.

Set Up Japanese Input (Mozc)

To type in Japanese, you’ll need to enable a Japanese input method. Ubuntu 22.04 typically uses “Fcitx5 + Mozc” as the default system.

Steps to Enable Japanese Input:

1. Go to “Settings” → “Region & Language.”
2. Ensure “Japanese” is selected as your system language (optional).
3. Under “Input Sources,” click “+” to add a new input method.

• Select “Japanese” → “Japanese (Mozc)” from the list.

1. Use Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Space (or 半角/全角 on Japanese keyboards) to switch input modes.

If input doesn’t work correctly, try reinstalling Fcitx5 and Mozc with this command:

sudo apt install fcitx5 fcitx5-mozc

To Apply Settings:

• Log out and log back in
• Or simply restart your system

Once configured, you’ll be able to type Japanese in text editors, browsers, and other apps with ease.

Set Timezone and Clock

If your system time is incorrect, make sure your timezone is properly set.

How to Set:

1. Open “Settings” → “Date & Time.”
2. Turn on “Automatic Time” and “Automatic Time Zone” if available.
3. If you prefer manual setup, select your correct region (e.g., “Asia/Tokyo”).

Note: In dual-boot systems, Windows and Ubuntu may display different times. We’ll cover how to fix this in a separate article.

Customize Japanese Fonts (Optional)

Ubuntu supports Japanese fonts by default, but you can improve readability by installing better fonts.

Popular Japanese Fonts:

• Noto Sans CJK JP (by Google, clean and readable)
• Source Han Sans (by Adobe, elegant)
• IPA Fonts (ideal for documents and printing)

Install example:

sudo apt install fonts-noto-cjk

You can adjust font settings using the “GNOME Tweaks” tool.

Other Recommended Settings

• Change software mirror to a local server (e.g., Japanese mirror) for faster updates.
• Remove unnecessary default apps (e.g., Amazon launcher) for better performance.
• Adjust screen lock and power settings, especially useful for laptop users.

7. Recommended Software to Install After Ubuntu 22.04

After installing Ubuntu 22.04 and completing the initial setup, the next step is to enhance your daily workflow with useful applications. This section introduces beginner-friendly and practical software. We’ll cover both graphical (GUI) methods and command-line (terminal) options for installation.

Using Ubuntu Software Center

Ubuntu comes with the “Ubuntu Software” app store, which allows you to browse, install, and remove apps—similar to the Microsoft Store on Windows.

How to Use It:

1. Open the “Ubuntu Software” app from the application menu.
2. Use the search bar or browse categories to find apps.
3. Click the app you want, then click “Install.”

This method is great for users who are not yet comfortable using the terminal.

Recommended Apps for Beginners

Here are some popular apps that can improve your Ubuntu experience:

Web Browsers

• Google Chrome
  Download from: https://www.google.com/chrome/
  You can install it by downloading the .deb file and double-clicking it.
• Firefox (pre-installed)
  Comes as a Snap package. If you prefer faster performance, consider switching to the APT version.

Development & Productivity

• Visual Studio Code (VS Code)
  Great for coding, writing, or editing files.

sudo snap install code --classic

• GIMP (Image Editor)
  A powerful open-source alternative to Photoshop.

sudo apt install gimp

• LibreOffice
  Full office suite for word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Already included in most Ubuntu installations. To install or upgrade:

sudo apt install libreoffice

Utilities & Tools

• GNOME Tweaks – Customize desktop appearance and behavior.

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

• Japanese Dictionary (for ibus-mozc) – Enhance Japanese IME functionality.

sudo apt install ibus-mozc

• Flameshot – A powerful screenshot tool with annotation support.

sudo apt install flameshot

APT vs. Snap – What’s the Difference?

Ubuntu supports two major methods for installing apps: APT (traditional Debian packages) and Snap (containerized packages). Here’s how they compare:

For most users, APT is the safer default. But if you need the latest features or better isolation, Snap is a great alternative.

Uninstalling Apps (GUI or Terminal)

Using the GUI:

Open Ubuntu Software, go to the “Installed” tab, find the app, and click “Remove.”

Using the Terminal:

sudo apt remove gimp
sudo snap remove code

Removing unused apps can help speed up your system and free up disk space.

8. Common Issues and How to Fix Them (FAQ)

Ubuntu 22.04 is a stable operating system, but if you’re new to Linux, you may still encounter some issues. This section provides solutions to common problems in an FAQ format, covering installation, boot, drivers, input, and more.

Q1. Ubuntu doesn’t boot from USB or the USB drive isn’t detected

Possible Causes and Fixes:

• Incorrectly created USB drive:
  Try recreating the USB using Rufus (Windows) or balenaEtcher (macOS). Re-download the ISO if needed.
• BIOS/UEFI misconfiguration:
  Make sure USB boot is enabled. Also check if “Secure Boot” is turned off and the system is set to use UEFI or Legacy mode properly.
• Port compatibility issues:
  Try plugging the USB into a rear port (direct to the motherboard) rather than a front panel port.

Q2. I get an error like “grub install failed” during installation

Possible Causes and Fixes:

This error usually happens when GRUB (the boot loader) fails to install properly.

• Incorrect EFI partition setup for dual-boot:
  Ensure that an existing EFI partition is correctly selected. Use the “Something else” option to configure manually if needed.
• Try restarting the installer from USB:
  When manually partitioning, make sure /boot/efi is assigned properly.
• Disk permission or formatting issues:
  In rare cases, full disk formatting may be needed (after backup). Use caution and back up your data first.

Q3. After installation, it boots into Windows only (dual-boot setup)

Possible Causes and Fixes:

• GRUB menu is not shown:
  This can happen if Ubuntu was installed in Legacy mode and Windows in UEFI (or vice versa). Both should use the same boot mode.
• Set Ubuntu as the default boot device in BIOS:
  Look for “ubuntu” or “UEFI: USB” in your BIOS boot order and move it to the top.
• Fast Startup in Windows is interfering:
  Disable “Fast Startup” from Windows power settings to prevent boot conflicts.

Q4. Wi-Fi isn’t working or the connection is unstable

Possible Causes and Fixes:

• Missing wireless drivers:
  Connect via Ethernet temporarily and run the following command:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

• Use wired internet during initial setup:
  This helps fetch the right drivers during installation or afterward.
• For Broadcom Wi-Fi adapters:
  You may need this specific driver package:

sudo apt install bcmwl-kernel-source

Q5. I can’t type in Japanese or Mozc isn’t working

Possible Causes and Fixes:

• Fcitx5 not activated:
  Go to input settings and make sure “Fcitx5” is set as the input method framework.
• Mozc is not installed:
  Use the following command to install:

sudo apt install fcitx5-mozc

• Changes not taking effect:
  Try logging out and back in, or rebooting after setup.

Q6. My system freezes or becomes unstable

Possible Causes and Fixes:

• Low system resources:
  Ubuntu can struggle on systems with 4GB of RAM or less, especially when running multiple apps.
• Try a lightweight desktop environment:
  If GNOME feels slow, consider switching to Xubuntu or Lubuntu for better performance on older machines.

9. Recommended Additional Settings & Apps

Ubuntu 22.04 is usable right out of the box, but with a few extra tweaks and apps, you can make your system even more efficient and personalized. This section introduces useful tools and configurations that are especially helpful for beginners.

Change Software Mirror to Improve Download Speed

Ubuntu downloads packages from servers around the world. Switching to a server in your country (like Japan or the U.S.) can improve speed for updates and software installs.

Steps:

1. Open “Software & Updates.”
2. Change “Download from” to “Other.”
3. Select a mirror close to your region (e.g., United States or Japan mirror).
4. Click “Choose Server” and then “Reload” to apply.

This can noticeably speed up package downloads and updates.

Install GNOME Tweaks (Advanced UI Customization)

GNOME Tweaks allows you to make detailed changes to the look and behavior of your desktop environment.

Install with:

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

What You Can Customize:

• Fonts and font sizes
• Enable or disable animations
• Move window control buttons (minimize, maximize)
• Enable GNOME Shell Extensions

It’s a must-have tool for anyone who wants more control over their Ubuntu desktop experience.

Popular GNOME Extensions

GNOME Shell Extensions add extra functionality to your desktop. Here are a few favorites:

• Dash to Dock: Moves the app launcher to the bottom or side, similar to macOS.
• User Themes: Allows you to apply custom GTK themes.
• Clipboard Indicator: Adds a clipboard manager to your top bar.

Note: You’ll need to install the “GNOME Shell Extensions” package and a browser extension for Firefox to use these.

Security Settings You Should Consider

Auto Lock & Screen Security:

• Go to “Settings” → “Privacy” → “Screen Lock.”
• Enable auto-lock after inactivity.
• Require password on wake from suspend.

Enable Firewall (ufw):

Ubuntu comes with the “Uncomplicated Firewall” (ufw) pre-installed. Enable it with:

sudo ufw enable

Check status with: sudo ufw status

Power Saving Tips for Laptops

To improve battery life on laptops, it’s helpful to install tools that optimize power usage.

Install TLP (Power Manager):

sudo apt install tlp
sudo systemctl enable tlp

TLP automatically applies power-saving settings for better battery performance with minimal effort.

More Handy Apps (Recap & Extra)

10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

As you install and configure Ubuntu 22.04, there are several questions that commonly arise—especially for beginners. This section offers quick answers to the most frequently asked questions, perfect for reviewing the article or troubleshooting during setup.

Q1. Where can I download the Ubuntu 22.04 ISO file?

A. You can download it from the official site: https://releases.ubuntu.com/jammy/. If you want a version pre-configured for Japanese, use the Japanese Remix: https://www.ubuntulinux.jp/download/ja-remix. Beginners may prefer the Remix for easier setup.

Q2. USB boot doesn’t work. What should I do?

A. First, check BIOS/UEFI settings to ensure USB boot is enabled and USB is first in the boot order. Also disable Secure Boot if necessary. If the USB drive was created incorrectly, recreate it using tools like Rufus or balenaEtcher.

Q3. How do I dual-boot Ubuntu with Windows?

A. During installation, select “Install Ubuntu alongside Windows” when prompted. The installer will automatically detect the existing Windows installation and set up dual-booting. You’ll choose which OS to start each time your PC boots.

Q4. I can’t type in Japanese. How can I fix this?

A. Go to “Region & Language” settings and add “Japanese (Mozc)” as an input method using Fcitx5. If it doesn’t work, reinstall with this command:

sudo apt install fcitx5 fcitx5-mozc

Then log out and log back in, or restart your system.

Q5. Will Ubuntu 22.04 run on older computers?

A. As long as your PC meets the minimum requirements (4GB RAM, 2GHz dual-core CPU), Ubuntu should run. However, for smoother performance, 8GB RAM and an SSD are ideal. If your hardware is older, consider using a lightweight version like Xubuntu or Lubuntu.

Q6. Can I try Ubuntu without installing it?

A. Yes! When booting from the USB, choose “Try Ubuntu without installing.” This lets you test the OS in live mode. Note that changes and files will not be saved when you shut down.

Q7. Can I uninstall Ubuntu and return to Windows?

A. If you installed Ubuntu as the only OS, you’ll need to reinstall Windows. If dual-booting, you can simply remove Ubuntu partitions and restore the Windows bootloader—but be cautious and back up your data before making changes.

Q8. Is Ubuntu really free? Can I use it for business?

A. Absolutely. Ubuntu is open-source and completely free to use—both for personal and commercial purposes. It’s licensed under the GPL (GNU General Public License) and other open licenses. You’re free to modify, distribute, and even use it for your company.